Integração e entrega contínua: comparação de funcionalidades entre jenkins, GitLab CI/CD e GitHub actions

Abstract

As software systems grow in complexity and the demand for agile and reliable deliveries increases, Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) practices have become consolidated within the DevOps context. This work presents a comparative study of three CI/CD tools: GitHub Actions, GitLab CI/CD, and Jenkins, by implementing equivalent pipelines on each platform and conducting a preliminary functional analysis. Additionally, we evaluated quantitative metrics such as execution time and stability, and qualitative aspects such as ease of initial configuration, observability, extensibility, and operational cost. The results indicate that Jenkins achieved the lowest median time in a controlled environment; GitHub Actions stood out for its fast setup and integration with the GitHub ecosystem; and GitLab CI/CD showed high runtime stability and sound governance when used as an integrated platform. As a contribution, the study offers scenario-based recommendations that help academic and professional teams choose the tool best suited to their contexts.