A reutilização sustentável de resíduos sólidos poluentes no desenvolvimento de novos materiais alternativos para a construção civil - contrapisos compósitos

Abstract

This document describes a whole research procedure, through laboratory tests and analyses, as well as its inherent conclusions, in order to identify new sustainable composite materials that can be used in the manufacture of subfloors in civil construction. The objective of this research was to develop new alternative materials for the manufacture of composite subfloors using mixtures of common construction materials combined with polluting solid waste (WTP sludge, ground tires, shredded Styrofoam, expanded clay, and ground plastic (TPE and polyurethane). These materials maintain the appropriate mechanical and acoustic characteristics for these subfloors. This allows for the proper disposal of a range of polluting solid waste and, additionally, develop a new technology for the construction industry. The motivation for this research was to seek sustainable solutions to provide adequate and useful disposal for a range of polluting solid waste and, additionally, to develop a new sustainable technology for implementation in the construction industry, thus generating a smart sustainable action for the planet. The methodology used in this research was the execution of a series of laboratory tests and analyses, within preestablished technical norms, in order to identify composite mixtures of usual materials and polluting solid waste, in varied concentrations, which presented characteristics compatible with the defined acceptable ones standards in the field of civil construction. The results demonstrated that the use of polluting solid waste in the production of composite subfloors is technically feasible, provided controlled proportions and regulatory performance criteria are met. Among the mixtures analyzed, those composed of expanded clay (20%), polystyrene (20%), PET (20%), polyurethane (20%), and ground tire (10%) stood out, exhibiting optimally good mechanical performance and satisfactory acoustic behavior, remaining within the limits specified in technical standards. Analyses of compressive strength, acoustic impedance and impact acoustic insulation indicated that the selected formulations are promising for real­world applications in civil construction. Additionally, the reuse of polluting solid waste has contributed to reducing the environmental impact of these materials, promoting sustainability and a circular economy. Therefore, it is concluded that the research achieved its main objectives and offers relevant insights for the practical application of polluting solid waste in civil construction activities.