Legislação de segurança contra incêndio no Brasil e em Portugal para edificações residenciais multifamiliares verticalizadas: análise comparativa

Abstract

The verticalization of cities, driven by population growth and economic expansion, contributes to an increase in fire risks in buildings. In this context, fire protection design is essential to ensure a minimum level of safety for human life and property; for this purpose, fire safety regulations are in place. This study presents a comparative analysis of the fire safety legislation currently in force in Brazil and Portugal, focusing on vertical multifamily residential buildings. Considering that in Brazil such regulations are established at the state level, the states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina were selected for this study, as they represent, respectively, the most populous state and the state with the tallest residential buildings in the country. The analysis consisted of comparing the fire safety measures and systems required in each country, resulting in the development of a general comparative table. Additionally, a case study was carried out, presenting the schematic design of a fire protection project for the same building in both countries. The results revealed different fire safety approaches in each country, with varying requirements for systems and fire protection measures depending on the height of the buildings. It was observed that, although in Portugal most residential buildings are of low height, the safety requirements for this type of construction are reduced when compared to those in Brazil. However, for taller buildings, the regulations of both countries present similar levels of requirements. It was also verified that the architectural and structural design is greatly influenced by the fire prevention design, making it essential that they are conceived together.