Avaliação de biofungicidas nos aspectos sanitários, germinativos e de rendimento do feijoeiro

Abstract

Brazil is among the world's largest producers and consumers of beans. However, the crop suffers from numerous losses due to the incidence of diseases, which can cause significant productivity losses. Phytosanitary management, usually carried out with fungicides, has been losing efficiency due to pathogen resistance. In this scenario, the use of biological agents has been gaining ground in recent years, being used in conjunction with chemical fungicides. Studying commercially available microbiological fungicides for bean crops is important to understand their potential in disease management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of three biologically based fungicides by comparing them with a chemical active ingredient, applied to four different common bean genotypes - two Creole and two commercials - to understand their potential in pathogen management and the mechanisms activated during this interaction. The work was developed in the Seed Analysis Teaching Laboratory, the Biological Control Laboratory, and the Experimental Area dedicated to bean genetic improvement at UTFPR, Dois Vizinhos Campus. The evaluations conducted included: seed physiological performance under the action of bioinputs; antagonism and resistance induction promoted by the action of different bioinputs; plant development in greenhouse conditions; and yield components under the action of different bioinputs. The seed treatments evaluated performed well in controlling fungi and promoting bean seedling development. The chemical fungicide demonstrated good efficiency in reducing pathogen infection, while the biofungicides demonstrated good results, but with specificity considering the bean genotypes and pathogens studied. In addition to sanitary control, the biological products showed potential as plant growth promoters, favoring root growth and dry matter accumulation, and the response also varied in relation to the genotypes tested. Further work should address the association between chemical and biological products, which can expand management strategies, since bioinputs should not be seen as substitutes, but rather as complementary tools that strengthen more sustainable and efficient agricultural practices.