Poços profundos na bacia do rio Macaco São Lourenço do Oeste - SC: estudo das relações socioambientais

Abstract

This study analyzes the socio-environmental relations involved in the use of deep wells in São Lourenço do Oeste, Santa Catarina, considering the impacts of uncontrolled groundwater exploitation and the challenges in water governance. Well drilling has been an essential strategy for water supply in rural and peri-urban areas; however, its intensification without proper regulation may compromise aquifer recharge and increase the risks of contamination. The research investigates water quality, well regularization, and public policies related to the management of these resources, highlighting the difficulties faced by users in obtaining permits and complying with environmental regulations. A qualitative methodology was adopted, combining interviews with farmers, laboratory analysis of water, and geospatial surveys to identify risk areas and the distribution of unlicensed wells. The results allowed for a diagnosis of the municipality’s water conditions, revealing the risks associated with informaldrilling, vulnerability to contamination, and limitations in local water governance. The study also generated recommendations to improve the sustainable management of groundwater resources, emphasizing the need for well regularization, the use of monitoring technologies, and the strengthening of public policies aimed at balancing water security for the population and environmental preservation.