Desempenho de genótipos de feijão em função de diferentes culturas antecessoras

Abstract

The appropriate choice of the preceding crop can directly impact the productivity and soil quality for bean cultivation. Considering the importance of crop succession for sustainable agricultural systems, this study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the performance of bean cultivars following corn, soybean, and fallow as predecessor crops. The experiment was carried out during the 2023/2024 season at UTFPR-DV, in Dois Vizinhos (PR), using a split-plot design in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme with four replications. The evaluated variables included height of the first and last pod, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, plot weight, and final yield. Soil analyses included organic matter content, pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and base saturation. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance using the Rbio software. The results indicated that the predecessor crop significantly influenced pod height and plot weight, with corn promoting greater pod height and fallow being associated with better soil chemical conditions and higher productivity (1,038 kg/ha). Among the cultivars, Maronze and IPR Urutau showed superior productivity compared to IAC Polaco, standing out in the number of pods and grains per plant. The soil analysis for the 2023/2024 season, conducted one day after the harvest of the first-season crops, revealed higher levels of organic matter and nutrients in the fallow areas, while areas previously cultivated with corn showed greater need for nutrient correction in this season. It is concluded that fallow depleted fewer nutrients from the soil, resulting in higher productivity, although it implies economic losses due to the absence of a first-season crop. On the other hand, succession with corn showed good agronomic performance, such as height of the first and last pod, and no significant differences in the number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, and plot weight, being recommended when combined with appropriate management practices, such as corrective fertilization and the use of cover crops.