Nanofertilizantes na agricultura: inovações para a nutrição de plantas e a sutentabilidade agrícola

Abstract

The agricultural sector faces numerous challenges in achieving optimal productivity. The impacts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have raised concerns regarding sustainability and the safety of the food supply. In this context, the use of nanotechnology, combined with other areas of knowledge, has emerged as a solution to mitigate such problems, particularly in the development of fertilizers, which have proven to be an effective and innovative method for enhancing nutrient absorption efficiency and promoting the sustainable growth of agricultural crops. This technology has shown potential to support more sustainable agricultural practices by maximizing productivity and minimizing environmental impacts. The methodology was based on a qualitative literature review, with research conducted through scientific databases such as SciELO and PubMed. The studies allowed for the identification of trends and gaps in the existing literature. The objective of this work was to review the main aspects of nanobiotechnology, including its general characteristics, applications, potential improvements, and future perspectives, as well as its impact on fertilizers by identifying their effects on plant nutrition and soil quality. In the results and discussion section, the potential benefits of nanofertilizers for modern agriculture were highlighted, promoting sustainable and efficient practices. The findings indicated that nanofertilizers not only increase agronomic efficiency and reduce the need for additional inputs, but also contribute to more sustainable agriculture, with lower environmental impact and greater economic viability. However, high production costs, the lack of specific regulations, and the scarcity of long-term studies on their effects on soil and human health remain challenges to be addressed. Therefore, this study reinforces the need for further research aimed at ensuring their widespread adoption in modern agriculture.