Uso de resíduos de uva e cevada enriquecido ou não com enxofre no controle de Meloidogyne incognita

Abstract

The nematode Meloidogyne incognita causes significant losses in various agricultural crops. The addition of grape and brewer’s residues, whether enriched or not, may serve as a strategy for controlling this plant parasite. The objective of this study was to evaluate grape and barley residues derived from the brewing industry, when enriched with sulfur, enhance the control of M. incognita. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, and the following treatments were tested: Treatment 1: Grape residue + sulfur; Treatment 2: Grape residue; Treatment 3: Barley residue + sulfur; Treatment 4: Barley residue; Treatment 5: Sulfur; Treatment 6: Control (untreated). The experiment followed a completely randomized design with seven replications per treatment. Plastic pots with a 500 g capacity were used, filled with a previously sterilized mixture of soil and sand (2:1, v:v). Each pot received 10 g of the corresponding residue, and Treatments 1, 3, and 5 also received 100 mg of sulfur per pot. Subsequently, the soil in all pots was infested with 2,000 eggs of M. incognita, and 25 mL of water was added. Soil moisture was adjusted as needed throughout the trial. Fifteen days later, one tomato seedling was transplanted into each pot, and the plants were maintained in a greenhouse. After 50 days, the following parameters were evaluated: plant height, shoot and root biomass, number of galls, and number of nematode eggs per root system. All treatments significantly reduced the number of galls and eggs, except for the treatment containing only sulfur. On the other hand, only the treatments with barley residue and barley residue + sulfur promoted better plant development. It is concluded that grape and brewer’s residues enriched with sulfur did not enhance the control of M. incognita and did not improve tomato plant development under greenhouse conditions.