Mapeamento de áreas vulneráveis a inundações em duas bacias hidrográficas no norte do Paraná

Abstract

Knowing the physical characteristics such as slope, hypsometry and soil types and dynamics of land use and occupation in river basins is essential for water resource planning and for analyzing the environmental conditions of these basins. With increased urbanization, there is consequently an increase in the environmental impact generated or intensified by human activity, such as soil impermeability, which is a factor that influences the occurrence of floods. Thus, mapping areas vulnerable to flooding is a means of preventing these events through urban planning and risk management, and it is important to develop studies in this area. In this context, this study aimed to identify areas vulnerable to flooding in the years 2010 and 2024 in the Ribeirão Lindóia (BHRL) River Basins, located in Londrina and Ibiporã (PR), and Ribeirão Raposa (BHRR) in Apucarana (PR). For this purpose, maps of soil types, hydrological soil types, surface runoff potential, slope, hypsometry and, finally, a flood vulnerability map were prepared. The analysis of land use and land cover was also carried out, in which it was possible to observe that the BHRL is more urbanized than the BHRR. Both river basins are predominantly composed of type C hydrological soil, normally with low infiltration rate and high runoff potential, and present an increase in the predominant CN value from 2010 to 2024, indicating an increase in the surface runoff potential influenced by changes in land use and occupation. The predominant slope in the BHRL corresponds to the undulating relief class (43.24%), while in the BHRR the strong undulating class (47.11%). In the BHRL, lower altitudes were found (370 to 670 m) compared to the BHRR, where altitudes between 570 and 870 m were observed. The most urbanized river basin (BHRL) was defined as the most vulnerable to flooding, proving the hypothesis of this work.