Proteção contra incêndio em cooperativas de reciclagem e dimensionamento de equipamentos para triagem e processamento de resíduos sólidos

Abstract

Recycling plays an essential role in reducing the environmental impacts caused by the improper disposal of municipal solid waste, promoting material recovery and social inclusion through the work of waste pickers. However, the operational conditions of sorting cooperatives often present structural deficiencies, with a notable lack of adequate fire protection measures, exposing workers and facilities to significant risks. This study aimed to conduct the functional sizing and analyze the fire safety conditions in recycling material cooperatives located in the state of Paraná, considering different population sizes. The methodology included the collection and analysis of data from the National Information System on Solid Waste Management (SINIR), as well as the use of technical references such as the Recycling Notebook published by Itaipu Binacional. The results revealed deficiencies in public information systems, including inconsistent data and the absence of validation processes. The gravimetric analysis of the waste highlighted the predominance of plastics and a high variability of materials, making it difficult to accurately estimate storage volumes and the necessary equipment. A trend of decreasing recycling rates was also observed as the population size of municipalities increased. Regarding fire safety, it was found that most cooperatives are classified as low or moderate risk; however, they present precarious structural conditions and non-compliance with current standards. The study concludes with the urgent need for improvements in waste management, the quality control of official data, and the implementation of effective fire prevention and control measures in recycling cooperatives.