Análise por elementos finitos de uma pá de um aerogerador horizontal

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the structural behavior of a horizontal axis wind turbine blade using the Finite Element Method (FEM). With the growing demand for renewable energy sources, wind energy has emerged as a sustainable alternative, and in Brazil, wind turbines represent one of the main sources of renewable energy. Considering that the blades account for approximately 23% of the total equipment cost, optimizing their design is essential to ensure efficiency and durability. The methodology employed was based on FEM, using SolidWorks software for three-dimensional modeling and structural analysis. The analyzed blade follows the NREL 5-MW model, characterized by variable aerodynamic profiles along its 61.5-meter length. The analysis was divided into three stages: pre-processing, which included blade modeling and material property definition; processing, where constraints, external loads (wind and gravity), and mesh generation were applied; and post-processing, which involved interpreting the obtained results, including displacements, stresses, and support reactions. The results showed that stresses and displacements significantly increase with wind speed, requiring a robust design to ensure the blade's structural integrity. Thus, this research highlights the importance of design optimization to minimize failures and reduce operational costs, reinforcing the relevance of FEM in mechanical engineering for the improvement of wind turbines and the advancement of renewable energy in Brazil.