Investigação de algoritmos de controle vetorial para redução de perdas em motores de inducao trifásicos

Abstract

Electric motors consume about 50% of the global electrical energy, reaching over 60% in the industrial sector. The three-phase induction motor (IM) is the most widely used type due to its simple construction and low maintenance requirements. Therefore, improving its efficiency is essential, and one of the strategies is the use of control methods that reduce electrical losses. The main objective of this work is to compare vector control algorithms based on two approaches of the Loss Model Control (LMC) technique, which uses a loss model based on the machine’s construction parameters to achieve the maximum efficiency operating condition. The electrical and mechanical models of the motor are represented by state-space equations, based on the literature and considering core losses. The modeling is validated through open-loop simulations, in which nominal voltage and load torque values are applied, resulting in behavior consistent with scientific publications. For the comparative analysis of the two LMC approaches, the proper operation of the vector control system for speed and torque was verified for all simulated algorithms. In the results, scalar control and constant-flux IFOC proved to be less efficient than when IFOC was combined with loss reduction methods, especially under conditions far from nominal load and speed values. Considering the speed and torque references used, LMC showed approximately 12% lower energy consumption compared to constant-flux IFOC and about 3% lower than MRAS. Considering a speed range from 25% to 100% of the nominal speed and a load interval from 0% to 100%, the efficiency of LMC was between 4.1% and 5.3% higher than that of MRAS.