Projeto de um atenuador de impacto para um veículo tipo fórmula SAE pelo método dos elementos finitos

Abstract

This study presents the development of an impact attenuator for Formula SAE-type vehicles, with emphasis on the selection of impact-resistant polymeric materials and the application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) as a tool for project simulation and analysis. The impact attenuator aims to ensure the driver's safety during potential collisions, while complying with the rules of the SAE competition. The main objective was to design an efficient, lightweight, and low-cost attenuator using Divinycell H60 PVC foam, widely known for its energy absorption properties. The methodology was divided into two main stages: the experimental characterization of the material, conducted through compression tests in accordance with ASTM D1621; and the computational simulation of the impact model, performed using Ansys [trade mark] 2023R2 software. The three-dimensional model was designed in SolidWorks [trade mark] 2017 and validated through an explicit dynamics analysis. The results showed that the proposed model outperformed the standard model provided by the competition’s organization, with energy absorption exceeding 7900 J and deceleration within the required limits. Furthermore, the displacement and deformation analysis validated the foam’s potential as a material for vehicular safety devices. The research highlights the use of computational tools as valuable allies in the development of automotive components, contributing to vehicle engineering studies and safety in student competitions.