Tratamentos de efluentes em frigoríficos: uma abordagem teórica por meio de revisão sistemática

Abstract

Wastewater from slaughterhouses represents an environmental and public health challenge when discharged directly into the receiving water bodies without proper treatment. These problems are mainly associated with the high load of organic matter and the presence of pathogens. This work aims to synthesize the main wastewater treatment in slaughterhouses through a theoretical approach using a systematic review of the literature supported by the PRISMA method, as well as the multicriteria and snowball method for the selection of articles. Among the specific objectives are to compare the advantages,disadvantages, efficiency and removal efficiency of each studied treatment. The final portfolio comprises 27 articles related to the addressed topic, in addition to 6 articles used to support the methodology employed. A bibliometric analysis was conducted addressing technologies for treating effluents from slaughterhouses, utilizing 27 articles with a temporal scope spanning from 2018 to 2023. The study unveiled publication concentration in a few journals, highlighting the "Bioresourse Technologic"magazine, an increased interest in sustainability, particularly in India and Eastern countries, as revealed by citation analyses, keywords, and publication locations. The study concludes that the choice of treatment method depends mainly on the type of slaughterhouse and the legislative requirements of each region. Furthermore, there is an advance in technologies, with a trend towards physical-chemical methods, which face economic challenges and limitations but are being researched to become more economically viable due to their high removal efficiencies. This study contributes to the understanding of the different methods of wastewater treatment in slaughterhouses and may provide information for the adoption of more sustainable and efficient practices in this sector.