Estudo de viabilidade de instalação de sistema fotovoltaico sob regime do novo marco legal da geração distribuída: um estudo de caso na cidade de Guarapuava-PR

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of installing new photovoltaic systems under the new law regulating the sector, the Law 14,300 of 2022. In light of recent changes in the rules governing energy credit compensation, the objective is to verify whether investment in photovoltaic solar energy remains economically advantageous for investors. To this end, information was collected on the current legislation, electricity tariff structures, the operation of photovoltaic systems, and their potential for generating cost savings. The analysis is carried out through a case study applied to a residence located in the city of Guarapuava-PR, with an average monthly consumption of 500 kWh. Two scenarios are considered: the first under the former regulation REN 482/2012 and the second under the new Law 14,300/2022. The investment analysis methods applied include the Payback Period, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the adoption of a Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR) of 14.75%. The results demonstrate economic feasibility in both scenarios. Under the new framework of law 14,300/2022, the payback period was 10.60 years, NPV of R$ 9,369.99 and IRR of 20.19%. It can thus be concluded that the investment remains financially viable, as the payback period is shorter than the system’s expected useful life (25 years), the NPV is positive, and the IRR exceeds the MARR.