Análise do desempenho térmico de uma fachada de blocos cerâmicos

Abstract

The recurring climate changes have become a challenge across various sectors, and the construction industry is no exception. Brazil, due to its continental dimensions, is divided into six bioclimatic zones, which are further subdivided into twelve. Each of these zones presents distinct climatological conditions, such as variations in relative humidity, thermal incidence, among other factors. Bioclimatic zoning still lacks a defined scope regarding thermal comfort. Although the country has a modest number of cities within bioclimatic zone 1M, the municipality of Guarapuava, located in the state of Paraná, stands out due to its average temperatures being considered unusually low for a tropical country—thus often neglected in terms of thermal comfort. The study of thermal comfort in sealing façades is essential to ensure adequate indoor habitability conditions, user well-being, and the building’s energy efficiency. As an interface between the external and internal environments, the façade plays a crucial role in heat transfer through conduction, radiation, and convection. This study aimed to analyze whether the building, located in the south-central region of Paraná state, in Guarapuava, adopted an appropriate sealing façade in accordance with NBR 15220-2: 2022, and whether the building uses materials with suitable thermal insulation properties, combined with passive climate control strategies to minimize unwanted heat gains and losses. For this purpose, the thermal resistance and thermal capacity of the primary material used in the sealing façade—ceramic block— were analytically calculated. The results obtained were then compared with those generated through computer simulation using Therm software. The variation in error between the methods was less than 4,1%, indicating that the calculation models are consistent with the actual thermal performance of the block, which, in turn, met the thermal performance requirements of the NBR standard.