Estudo da composição dos rejeitos gerados em organizações de catadores de materiais reutilizáveis e recicláveis e do seu potencial como combustível derivado de resíduo urbano - estudo de caso: Cooperativa Recicla Campo Largo

Abstract

Large quantities of residual waste are generated by reusable and recyclable materials collectors after the sorting of municipal solid waste collected through selective collection programs. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the composition of these residual wastes and to evaluate their use as Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) in clinker kilns in cement plants. The research was conducted at the Recicla Campo Largo Cooperative, in the municipality of Campo Largo, through three gravimetric composition studies, following the methodologies of Instituto Recicleiros (2018) and ABNT NBR 10.007 (ABNT, 2004b). The economic benefits of coprocessing for the municipality, the collectors’ organizations, and the co-processing company were also evaluated. The results of the gravimetric composition analyses showed that, on average, 40% of the analyzed materials were actual residual waste, 9% were recyclable materials with economically unfeasible sorting, 15% were recyclable materials with no market demand, and 36% were recyclable materials with market demand, indicating that the sorting process should be reconsidered. According to the waste characterization results conducted by the co-processing company Rio Bonito Soluções Ambientais (2025), the residual waste presented satisfactory energy potential, with a Higher Heating Value (HHV) of 4,140 kcal/kg and low contaminant content, making its use as an alternative fuel in clinker kilns technically feasible. Coprocessing was proposed as a solution for the utilization of all residual waste until reverse logistics become viable or buyers emerge for materials that currently lack economic or technical recycling potential. This study corroborates the feasibility and efficiency of waste co-processing as a sustainable alternative for municipal solid waste management, highlighting the need for integrated strategies and partnerships between the public and private sectors. It also emphasizes the importance of valuing recyclable material collectors and ensuring waste quality, as well as compliance with environmental regulations. Furthermore, the engagement of public and private institutions and civil society in the pursuit of sustainable solutions for municipal solid waste management is essential to ensure a healthy environment for future generations. Finally, the co-processing of residual waste as RDF contributes to reducing environmental impacts, extends the lifespan of sanitary landfills, prevents the emission of CO₂ and other pollutants, generates economic and social benefits, and promotes the generation of clean energy.