Revisão das topologias de equalização de tensão em baterias de íons de lítio

Abstract

This study aims to conduct a bibliographic review of battery equalization techniques currently employed in Battery Management Systems (BMS). The BMS plays a crucial role in monitoring the voltage, current, and temperature of the cells that comprise a battery pack, ensuring the system's safety, lifespan, and autonomy. Among the various functions of this system, voltage equalization is essential to guarantee the proper operation of all cells. Battery equalization techniques can be classified into two main categories: active and passive. Each of these approaches presents several variations, ranging from simple methods based on resistors to more sophisticated strategies that employ converters or combinations of different techniques. Although the literature contains several studies on this topic, there is a lack of experimental data validating the effectiveness of thee approaches. In this context, this article aims to compile and analyze the most efficient equalization techniques to compare them and contribute to advancing knowledge in the field.