Microrganismos na composição de couro sustentável: revisão sistemática aplicando o Methodi Ordinatio

Abstract

Traditional leather production generates significant environmental impacts, including high carbon emissions, chemical pollution and excessive water consumption. In search of more sustainable alternatives, this aimed to carry out a systematic review on the use of microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, to produce materials similar to leather. The review by Methodi Ordinatio was conducted by searching for articles in the Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases, with the following keywords: leather AND mycelium, leather AND fungi, leather AND fungal, leather AND microorganism, leather AND yeast, leather AND bacteria, leather AND bacterial and leather AND algae. Filtering and selection by reading the title and abstract resulted in a list of 17 articles for systematic reading. Data obtained in the literature indicate that some biomaterials with fungi achieved tensile strength within the value of traditional leather of 8 to 39.5 MPa. Examples include Schizophyllum commune, with a strength of 11.1 MPa, and Trametes versicolor, grown on felt fabric and broth, with a strength of 12.31 MPa. Furthermore, Fomitopsis fraxinea, grown in oak sawdust with rice bran, and Rhizopus delemar, which uses bread waste, achieved tensile strengths of 7.21 MPa and 7.1 MPa, respectively. On the other hand, Acetobacter xylinum bacteria, cultivated in coconut water enriched with sucrose and urea, showed a tensile strength of 14.74 MPa when combined with vegetable tannins, cross-linked with oxidative oils and plasticized with glycerol. Data from the literature demonstrate the great potential of materials such as mycelium and bacterial cellulose to offer ethical and sustainable solutions, aligned with the growing demands of a more conscious society committed to environmental preservation.