Cálculo da induçaó magnética em transformador monofásico utilizando o método de elementos finitos 2D

Abstract

In engineering, solving problems involving physical fields, such as temperature, displacement, pressure, and electric field intensity, is a constant necessity. When an analytical solution to these problems is not possible, numerical methods have become a fundamental tool. Electromagnetic phenomena have analytical solutions whenever the problemls geometry allows it. However, as the topological complexity increases, determining the quantities involved is typically achieved exclusively through computational numerical methods, constrained by the necessary boundary conditions governed by Maxwellls equations. The finite element method (FEM) is one of the foremost techniques employed for simulating spatially distributed fields across various areas of electrical engineering, particularly in addressing electromagnetic field problems. In the industry, FEM is a well-established resource in the design of electrical machines, drastically reducing the need for prototype construction and testing, which can quickly become cumbersome, and minimizing the time required to optimize the dimensional characteristics of such designs. This work presents a two-dimensional computational simulation of a low-voltage single-phase transformer to calculate the magnetic qux density in the core and its immediate surroundings. The finite element method can be applied in up to three dimensions, also accounting for the time-dependent behavior of the physical phenomena during the simulation. A quantitative analysis of the results will be performed to identify core saturation.