Sistemas de gerenciamento térmico de baterias de íons de lítio para veículos elétricos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Climate change and its impacts have been increasingly perceived by society. One of the causes is the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere, with a significant portion of these emissions originating from means of transport, which are largely driven by the burning of fossil fuels. Electric mobility is proving to be increasingly feasible to reduce emissions from combustion engines. Despite the high energy efficiency of these electrical systems, there is a portion of energy that is converted into heat, heating them. This temperature must be managed to ensure their proper functioning. Batteries are not exempt from this heating and are the systems addressed in this work. Traditional cooling methods consume energy from the battery system, reducing the vehicle's autonomy, as an alternative, total passive or partial passive, hybrid methods have been studied. The present work was constructed in order to understand the current state of this cooling technology. Using the Methodi Ordinatio as research methodology, a portfolio of articles was defined and studied. The research shows that most studies focus on the use of phase change materials as a passive cooling method. The results indicated that these thermal management systems have the potential to maintain battery temperatures at acceptable levels, even under severe conditions. However, there is a lack of studies researching the energy savings provided and the consequent increase in vehicle autonomy