Contributos para a política de locação social no Brasil: uma análise das experiências brasileiras e de Viena na Áustria

Abstract

Brazil faces a scenario of a significant increase in the number of vacant properties, which contrasts with the persistent housing deficit, especially regarding the excessive burden of urban rent. This reality reflects a scenario marked by land concentration, real estate speculation, and the financialization of housing. The housing problem is not just a numerical issue (supply and demand) but also one of distribution and access for lowincome families. The trajectory of Brazilian housing policy shows that the focus on the production of owner-occupied housing has not been sufficient to address the housing deficit. This scenario requires the diversification of housing approaches, such as social rental housing, to strengthen it as a social right. Thus, this study drew the conceptual distinction between social rental housing, social rent, housing allowance, and rental assistance. Based on this, experiences that are truly social rental housing were identified, and their characteristics were analyzed in terms of urban integration, beneficiaries, properties, contractual aspects, and intervening agents. Based on other studies of international experiences in social rental housing, the experiences of Vienna9s social rental housing in Austria, which emerged from the Rote Wien program in 1919, were analyzed. Thus, using the methodology of comparative urban studies, the study aimed to analyze the strategies and programs of Vienna9s social rental housing and identify contributions for Brazilian social rental housing programs. Two social rental housing programs were identified in Vienna: one for municipal public housing and the other for subsidized housing through Public Interest Housing Associations, integrated into a diversified network of housing policies. The identified experiences were analyzed using the same criteria as the Brazilian experiences for comparative purposes. The Viennese social rental programs showed a generalist character and a broad access network, with a large municipal and private public housing stock created through continuous investment since 1919. Another distinguishing feature is that the Vienna Municipal Housing Fund centralizes resource collection for the land bank, prioritizing investments in areas already equipped with public services, in addition to allocating resources for the construction and maintenance of projects. A robust state structure for managing Vienna9s social rental programs was identified, as well as a national regulation with a clear division of responsibilities between the federative entities. Moreover, Vienna9s social rental housing contracts are permanent/lifetime, which provides security of tenure. In contrast, Brazilian social rental housing programs also offered contributions for improving the Viennese experience, such as: setting income commitment limits; social mixing and family composition diversity in the projects; prioritization criteria involving gender issues and affirmative policies for socially excluded groups; and aspects related to the socio-economic ties of families. Finally, it was suggested that this study contribute to the creation and regulation of social rental housing policies through the 2040 National Housing Plan.