Trabalho e saúde: análise psicodinâmica em uma unidade fabril baseada nos princípios do toyotismo

Abstract

This study seeks to demonstrate that the manner men work, how they transform the nature, the social relations that they establish and the distribution and exchange of socially produced goods are crucial to the health of the working class. That the changes occurred in the workplace in general, such as the supposed overcoming of the taylorist/fordist model for the flexible system, have not turned into a less precarious condition (more human), either into guarantee of health to the workers, as suggested by the hegemonic discourse. Based on this proposal it was decided to develop a case study in a multinational company based in the toyotism principles. The elements of the empirical field were seized through a qualitative approach, guided by the assumptions of the Psychodynamics of Work approach, allowing the understanding of the relationship between work and health as well as the objective and subjective aspects that permeate the work organization. However, the road, as expected, was not easy. Starting with the prohibition of the research within the company that resulted in methodological changes. The Psychodynamics of Work approach could not be applied in all its aspects as originally proposed: the demand came from the researcher himself and the interviews were conducted individually. Nevertheless, this process has allowed to construct the reality of the working class, its health situation represented by the dynamics of well-being and suffering at work. The workers' speech, on the other hand, does not exhibit the transformation imprint of work, a role that, in fact, does not perform in their lives. The Toyotism that theoretically should correspond to a less precarious condition to the workers is not able to eliminate the gap between the work conceived as a source of human achievement and the work imposed, forced, source of exploitation, suffering, mutilation and death, expression assumed under the aegis of capitalism. The meaning of slavery prevails against the emancipation. Although, it is not possible to establish a forum for discussion and so create conditions for the collective mobilization, the defense of the Psychodynamics of Work proposal as possibility for the workers to retake their power position and articulate the confrontation against the system of capital remains.