Desenvolvimento de um módulo didático para o ensino de controle de sistemas baseado no sistema de levitação magnética

Abstract

The practical activities help the student’s learning, helping him to visualize the theory in a more objective and experimental way, which facilitates the understanding of the subject studied. A tool that unites theory with practice is the didactic module, however, its high costs and low adaptability hinder its employability. In this way, the construction of low-cost and easy-to-modify didactic modules if necessary. Consequently, some didactic modules have been proposed, among these, the wind levitation system developed by Medeiros (2019) stands out, which consists of maintaining the height of a sphere in a desired position by means of injection of an air jet at the base. In this context, a didactic tool was created to the teaching of systems control based on the magnetic field, which facilitates learning, featuring a low construction cost and facilitates adaptability. The system has a digital PID controller, programmed in Arduino, responsible for controlling the current of the electromagnet, which is responsible for generating the magnetic field and varying the intensity of the field flux required to attract the ferromagnetic core inside the solenoid, allowing to control the position in which it will be inside it. The plant actuator is an electromagnet, while the position of the core is checked with a phototransistor. To increase didactics, the tool has a graphical interface for changing of parameters, allowing to observe their consequences in the response of the system in a Guided and intuitive. The project showed a good performance with low cost, presenting providing an interface that allows changing the parameters of the digital PID controller and demonstrating the system response.