Scaffolds de vidro bioativo para regeneração de tecidos ósseos

Abstract

Bone tissue has the ability to self-regenerate when exposed to traumas smaller than critical-sized defects. However, when the defects are greater, the bone needs alternatives such as transplants or implantation for regeneration. Thus, it was proposed to make scaffolds for the regeneration of bone tissue from the synthesis of 58S bioactive glass and the mixture of synthetic hydroxyapatite with window/bottle glass powders. For the molding of the scaffolds, a solution of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) was used. The synthesized glasses were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In addition, the bioactivity of the glasses was analyzed by immersion in a simulated body fluid solution (SBF), for a period of one week at a temperature of 36°C, and the conversion of the surface into hydroxyapatite was characterized with microscopy scanning electronics (SEM). It was possible to synthesize the bioactive glass 58S by the sol-gel method and obtain a composition similar to the same formed between hydroxyapatite/glass of molar ratio 1:2.74, and Si/P ratio=7.5. XRD characterization indicated the presence of peaks characteristic of ceramics, as reported in the literature. Despite not having been successful in the manufacture of scaffolds due to their high fragility, the synthesized glasses showed the formation of a surface layer of hydroxyapatite when immersed in SBF. Thus, synthesized glasses become good candidates for bone tissue regeneration, due to their bioactivity, but further studies must be carried out to increase their mechanical strength and allow the production of scaffolds.