Seleção preliminar de áreas para a implantação de um aterro sanitário consorciado aos municípios de Araruna, Engenheiro Beltrão e Peabiru - PR

Abstract

Inadequate management of solid waste often results in both environmental and public health impacts. Considering that the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), established by Federal Law No. 12,305/2010 and supplemented by the new legal framework for basic sanitation (Federal Law No. 14,026/2020), set the year 2024 as the final deadline for eliminating the improper disposal of urban solid waste, such as open dumps, all Brazilian municipalities were required to comply with this legal mandate. In the state of Paraná, some municipalities still lack or do not utilize licensed sanitary landfills, particularly small-sized municipalities, where the costs of implementation and operation pose a significant challenge. Given this scenario, the formation of intermunicipal consortia emerges as a viable solution to reduce costs and improve the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). Thus, this study aimed to identify suitable areas for the implementation of a shared sanitary landfill involving the municipalities of Araruna, Engenheiro Beltrão, and Peabiru in Paraná. A detailed analysis was conducted, including an estimate of the region's population growth from 2026 to 2046, which is essential for the preliminary design of the landfill and the determination of the minimum area required for final waste disposal. The methodology involved the creation of thematic maps that assessed criteria such as proximity to water bodies, population centers, highways, slope, and soil type. Each criterion was assigned relative weights, generating a suitability map to identify both restricted areas and the most appropriate locations. Using QGIS, the data were processed and reclassified with suitability values ranging from 0 to 4. Subsequently, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied to assign weights to the variables and consolidate the results into a synthesis map. The results indicated that the municipality of Araruna has areas with the highest suitability potential due to the predominance of Argisols, which offer favorable conditions for landfill implementation. However, for the consortium to be viable, all involved municipalities must benefit equitably. Four areas were identified as the most promising, highlighted as polygons, considering criteria such as minimum distance from population centers, suitability scores above 2.50, compatibility of the available area with the preliminary design, established land use, the presence of an active Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), and a distance of more than 300 meters from isolated residences. Among the analyzed areas, polygons 4, 2, 3, and 1 were identified as the most suitable, in order of priority.