Desenvolvimento de um módulo didático analógico de baixo custo para ensaios de estratégias de controle

Abstract

It is known that, regardless of the area of knowledge, there is a vast gap involving studies covering practical applications that reproduce real operating environments. In the context of control systems it is no different. At this point, such difficulty is due, for example, to the high cost of acquiring equipment that reproduce industrial processes and their bulky physical proportions, as well as the high maintenance cost. An alternative to overcome this obstacle is to employ in practical teaching didactic modules that can reproduce plants or industrial processes, albeit in smaller proportions. Anyway, commercial didactic modules also have high costs, both for acquisition and maintenance. Thus, this work proposes the development of an analog didactic module of relatively low manufacturing cost, based on closed-loop control applied in an RC (Resistor-Capacitor) type circuit. The purpose is to provide dynamic analysis studies, as well as to enable the implementation of different controller strategies of the PI family (Proportional and Integral), a control widely used in the industrial environment. Among the various possibilities, here are three implementations involving the PI controller, the first being a classic strategy through algebraic allocation of poles and the subsequent two, strategies considered modern via state space, one through allocation of poles and another through the use of the optimal control LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator).