Influências de áreas verdes sobre a temperatura de superfície no perímetro urbano do município de Londrina

Abstract

Urban expansion has resulted in the transformation of natural landscapes into built environments, characterized by artificial and standardized materials, altering the local temperature. Green areas in the urban perimeter play an important role in regulating the local microclimate and improving the population’s quality of life. This study evaluates the influence of green areas on surface temperature on a hot day, analyzing 8 squares and 1 valley bottom located in 3 areas with different tree cover characteristics in the urban perimeter of Londrina. Landsat 8 images and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to characterize land surface temperatures. 281 trees were georeferenced during field surveys in the squares, and leisure areas, paved trails, as well as trees of various sizes and some tree stumps were observed. The recommended value for the Tree Density Index (TDI) is 1, which corresponds to 1 individual per 100 m², and a Tree Shading Index (TSA) greater than 30% for commercial districts and 50% for residential districts. The results revealed that, among the evaluated locations, the Nishinomiya square presented the highest surface temperature value, with a maximum of 38°C. It also obtained the lowest values for both indices (17.07% TSI and 0.30 TDI), indicating low shading and a scarcity of afforestation. Herculano Square obtained the highest TSI (91.73%), and Antônio Square obtained the highest TDI (2.99). The research highlighted the importance of adequate afforestation, with species of broad canopies, for the creation of pleasant and homogeneous environments, contributing to the improvement of thermal comfort in urban areas. It was concluded that the planning and maintenance of urban green areas, with a focus on increasing vegetation, are essential to mitigate the effects of urbanization on the local thermal environment.