Análise espacial de parâmetros de qualidade do ar no estado do Paraná

Abstract

The air quality is essential for human health, as atmospheric pollution is associated with cardiorespiratory diseases and environmental issues such as acid rain and the greenhouse effect. In Brazil, air quality monitoring, regulated by PRONAR since 1989, is effectively carried out in only 11 states. Through remote sensing, using satellite images, it is possible to conduct temporal and spatial analyses of pollutants such as PM2.5 and NO2. This study aims to analyze the spatial variation of these pollutants and mortality from respiratory diseases in Paraná during January and July 2022, correlating them with population density. To achieve this, a database will be created with pollution parameters, mortality rates, and socioeconomic indicators, identifying municipalities with higher pollutant concentrations and critical areas. Additionally, spatial dependency techniques will be applied using geoprocessing tools such as QGIS and GeoDA. The spatial analysis in Paraná revealed that densely populated cities, such as Curitiba, Londrina, and Maringá, have the highest mortality and hospitalization rates, linked to high population density. Positive correlations between pollution (NO2 and PM2.5) and mortality were identified in metropolitan and industrialized areas, while rural and less industrialized regions showed low pollution and mortality rates. These findings highlight the importance of integrated public policies for pollution control and health promotion, especially in urban and industrialized areas.