Significados semânticos: uma análise do “casamento” em Ressurreição, de Machado de Assis

Abstract

The general objective of this research is to investigate, in an exploratory manner, what semantic meanings the expression <marriage= can denote throughout the novel Ressurreição (1997), by Machado de Assis, as well as what references are attributed to the expression <marriage= by the narrator, observing whether these remain throughout the work. For this, as theoretical assumptions, the concepts of <sense= and <reference= are used, present in Fregian theory (2014), which address the distinction between the way the object is presented and the object itself. Furthermore, the notions of <semantic meaning= and <pragmatic meaning= are presented in accordance with the understandings of authors such as Cançado (2008), McCleary and Viotti (2009) and Pires de Oliveira (2012). The dictionaries used were Dicio (2023), Michaelis (2023), Priberam (2024), Houaiss (2011), Minidicionário Escolar (2015) and Pequeno Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa [1978?]. As methodological procedures, in relation to data generation, the DLNotes annotation tool was used, where the semantic and pragmatic meanings were extracted in the same way for each occurrence of the analyzed item. This same activity was carried out in the physical book. The specific objectives of the research are: a) to present the concepts of <sense= and <reference=, present in Frege9s theory of language; b) discriminate what was understood by marriage in 19th century Rio society; c) present what is a semantic meaning and what is a pragmatic meaning; and d) compare the work of taking notes in the physical book with the same work, in a digitalized way, carried out using the DLNotes annotation software. Regarding theanalysis procedures, they were based on the concepts presented by six different <marriage= dictionaries (physical and on-line). The results showed that the semantic meanings were more numerous than the pragmatic ones, even in a work in the literary field, and that the main semantic meaning found in the work was not present in all the dictionaries consulted, and in those that did contain it, they did not have a consensus whether he was semantic or pragmatic. It was also observed that the use of an annotation tool such as the one used in this research can significantly optimize the time to carry out search and annotation work, especially in the area of Literature. In this way, the research contributes to enriching the literary understanding of theconcept of <marriage=. Furthermore, the study highlights the effectiveness of digital tools such as DLNotes in literary analysis, demonstrating that digitization can favor research in Literature, facilitating the extraction and annotation of data.