Efeito do uso de remineralizador sob microbioma de solo em cultivo de milho

Abstract

The agricultural sector is emerging as one of the most important activities in the country, playing an extremely important socioeconomic. Agricultural production systems are dynamic and the current focus is on plant production, with an emphasis on sustainability. Soil is becoming a natural resource that is conserved through sustainable production processes, with an agriculture undergoing transformation, where biological inputs are used instead of chemical ones. The intensification of planting systems demands efficient technologies to maintain high productivity and environmentally sustainable soils. Although chemical fertilizers are widely used in modern agriculture due to their ability to increase food production, their excessive use raises concerns such as soil and water pollution, as well as possible risks to human health and the sustainability of ecosystems. In this context, the use of remineralizers emerges as an effective option for proper soil management. This method stands out for its more natural and sustainable approach, promoting healthier soil, contributing to the improvement of agricultural productivity and benefiting the soil microbial community. Soil is an environment extremely rich in the diversity of microorganisms, being essential for agroecosystems, favoring plant growth and providing important subsidies for the agricultural sector. Metagenomics, a molecular approach, stands out when studying genetic material collected directly from complex environments, such as soils, without the need to isolate and cultivate specific organisms, allowing the analysis of the genetic and functional diversity of microbial communities in their natural context. In view of this theme, the objective of this study was to analyze taxonomic profiles of microbial communities in samples of soil cultivated with corn after application of the remineralizer Potasil [trade mark] and the chemical fertilizer Potassium chloride, through metataxonomy based on high-throughput sequencing of the V3/V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS region. The results obtained revealed significant abundance and diversity in both microbial communities. Our results indicate that the chemical fertilizer and the remineralizer Potasil [trade marl] have a similar impact on soil microbial biodiversity, although they shape distinct communities, which directly influences soil quality. Phosphate and potassium solubilizing microorganisms were identified, the latter being less frequent in the literature. Although a single collection had significant effects, additional collections may further demonstrate the benefits of the remineralizer as a sustainable alternative. This approach expands our understanding of microbial ecology, contributing to valuable insights in agricultural and environmental contexts.