Estudo de caso de correção de fator de potência em uma planta industrial

Abstract

The power factor is one of the main indicators of power quality and a fundamental parameter in the analysis of performance and energy efficiency of electrical systems. A low power factor can result in significant electrical losses and a decrease in energy transmission capacity. The power factor relates to the active and reactive powers, showing how much of the apparent power is effectively being transformed into work. This study discusses solutions to improve the power factor of industrial installations, such as the use of capacitors for reactive compensation. The presented study reviews the current Brazilian legislation regarding the power factor, analyzing the requirements and standards established by regulatory agencies. It also describes the effects of harmonic distortions on the power factor and the precautions that should be taken in the presence of harmonic distortions, as well as the methods to mitigate their effects. A case study was conducted, where relevant data about a thermal power plant were collected, including active and reactive power, energy consumption, and voltage levels. The tests performed included power factor measurements under different loads and an evaluation of the effects of excitation current on the generator’s operating conditions. Based on the case study, different procedures for correcting the power factor of the generating plant are presented. This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of power factor control and to assist in improving the performance and efficiency of electrical systems.