Estudo de uma proposta para o ensino do sistema solar nos anos finais do ensino fundamental a partir da teoria da aprendizagem significativa e da abordagem steam

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the pedagogical potential of a teaching proposal for the Solar System, based on the Theory of Meaningful Learning (TAS) and the STEAM approach (English, Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics), in a 9th grade class of a private institution located in the CentralWest region of the state of Paraná. In order to achieve this purpose, the following set of specific objectives were outlined: to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the academic production concerning the Teaching of Astronomy and the Theory of Meaningful Learning, in order to theoretically support the teaching proposal; to develop a teaching proposal involving the theme <Solar System= that is potentially meaningful to students, exploring interdisciplinary approaches and innovative pedagogical practices; to identify students' prior knowledge about the Solar System, through the identification of subsumers, in order to adapt the teaching to the needs and levels of understanding of students; to analyze the mental maps produced by the students at the end of the implementation of the teaching proposal, in order to assess the assimilation of the contents. The work is based on the theoretical assumptions of descriptive qualitative research, and questionnaires, mental maps and the researcher's field diary were used to constitute the corpus. The results showed the students' interest in the subject worked on in the proposal, as well as an enthusiasm for carrying out the proposed activities. It was also found that at the end of the implementation of the teaching proposal, the students were able to establish important relationships about the Solar System involving the notion of gravitational force, showing signs of meaningful learning.