Tendências no ensino de Física: uma investigação das metodologias aplicadas em sala de aula

Abstract

Physics education plays a crucial role in academic development, providing a profound understanding of the natural phenomena that permeate the universe. By exposing students to concrete and real situations where physical principles apply, it assists in comprehending nature. Over the centuries, physics education has faced challenges related to the increasing complexity of concepts, aiming to make the discipline more accessible. With a rich historical trajectory, it has gone through various phases influenced by scientific advances, educational movements, and social transformations. In the contemporary context, it strives to overcome challenges such as conceptual abstraction, promote scientific literacy, and integrate innovative practices. In the educational sphere, where the teaching-learning process is complex and dynamic, the interaction among elements like teacher, student, content, and methods becomes fundamental. However, educational challenges arising from student diversity, resource scarcity, and technological transformations impose the need for robust strategies. In this context, the importance of teaching methodologies as adaptive tools to diverse student demands becomes evident. Amidst this scenario, understanding the methodologies applied to physics education in the classroom becomes crucial. The goal of this research lies in the identification and in-depth analysis of these methodologies, using a systematic literature review. The aim is to comprehend not only their characteristics but also their intrinsic impacts and potentialities, contributing to the construction of a more effective and innovative educational scenario. In this challenging context, the systematic literature review was applied to meticulously map the bibliographic landscape of studies exploring approaches in physics education, identifying a portfolio of 64 publications that significantly contribute to understanding teaching methodologies in physics. The results reveal the evolution of these methodologies over time, emphasizing the imperative need for adaptation to contemporary demands. The studies identified in the literature review underscore the intrinsic importance of the teaching-learning process, emphasizing that effective methods encompass problemsolving, interdisciplinary approaches, and an understanding of the nature of science. Furthermore, the research explores the intersection between innovative methodologies and technological resources, highlighting the growing relevance of mobile devices in the educational context. The in-depth analysis of these methodologies aims not only to strengthen positive aspects but also to overcome identified challenges, providing crucial insights for educators, teachers, administrators, and other professionals involved in the educational process. The achieved results lead to robust conclusions about the advantages of methodologies applied to physics education, emphasizing the encouragement of active student participation and the promotion of a deep conceptual understanding. However, they also highlight persistent challenges, such as resistance to change and the urgent need for adequate teacher training. In the face of this challenging panorama, the study underscores innovative strategies, such as contextualized teaching, active learning, and technology integration, as essential elements to overcome obstacles and promote a more meaningful learning experience in physics.