A história da ciência e a física: a aplicabilidade dos estudos históricos como fio condutor para o ensino da Física

Abstract

This work aims to verify the incorporation of the History and Philosophy of Science (HFC) in the teaching of Physics, exploring its importance and relevance in the current educational scenario. Classified as basic and exploratory research, the approach is predominantly qualitative, aiming to develop scientific knowledge useful for Brazilian education, teaching, and training new teachers. The study is based on the selection of around 70 sources in Portuguese, English and Spanish related to the topic obtained from platforms such as Google Scholar and SciELO. Thus, the study highlights the importance of contextualizing physical concepts within historical development and philosophical perspectives, enriching the training of physics professionals. Furthermore, it addresses practical strategies for the effective implementation of HPS in educational environments, highlighting the need for diversity of tools in the educational process. When confronting the question of the possibility of changing Physics teaching using HPS, the work provides an overview and information about ideas and methodologies, highlighting the usefulness of HPS as a tool for Physics teachers. The research also discusses the challenge of dealing with pseudo-historical narratives of science, which often simplify and distort the true nature of scientific knowledge, highlighting the importance of providing students with a mature and realistic understanding of science during their training. The study concludes that, despite the presence of HPS in official texts and research around Science education, its potential is often reduced by poor application, lack of preparation of teachers and lack of adequate materials. New research to reflect on HPS application models in specific Physics topics is recommended, considering the reality of public and private education, as well as the possible restructuring of undergraduate courses to include HPS in the training of future teachers.