Sistema fotovoltaico autônomo aplicado para a otimização de veículo transportador de materiais recicláveis

Abstract

This work presents the development of a garbage collection pushcart with a stand alone photovoltaic system. Installing the photovoltaic panel on top of the cart to generate shade for the worker, it provides comfort during work and protects the worker from the sunlight. The cart also features a traffic lights system to ensure road safety, as well two USB ports for charging electronic devices while in the field. An equivalent circuit was built in the MATLAB/Simulink software consisting of a 160 power photovoltaic panel, a solar PV MPPT solar charge controller with P&O MPPT algorithm technique and together with that, the battery charging system, controlled in three stages, has been added to prevent damage to the battery life 12 V/115 Ah lead-acid battery . The simulation aimed to confirm the tracking of the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module and the control of the three stages of battery charging. The components were determined by taking into account the daily energy consumption, the solar radiation data of the place and the battery capacity. And the MPPT solar charge controller follows the Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique, implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink software to track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel. With this, a three-stage controlled battery charging system has been added to prevent the battery life from getting damaged. Diligent sizing of the PV system components enables operational safety and efficiency of the garbage collection trolley. In addition, an illustrative drawing of the transporter vehicle was developed in SolidWorks software, in order to have a perspective of the dimensions and disposition of the components from the project. The trolley is 2 meters high, with an approximate length of 1 meter and 60 centimeters, about 90 centimeters wide and an approximate recyclable transport volume of 1.3 cubic meters. Taking into account the workers’ needs, environmental sustainability and energy efficiency, providing an optimized solution. The traffic lights system and the USB ports offer additional resources that increase safety and comfort. This project improves working conditions for professionals involved in the garbage collection and at the same time contributes to a more sustainable society.