Estudo e desenvolvimento de uma máquina CNC de bancada para prototipagem e fabricação de placas de circuito impresso

Abstract

The technological and scientific advancement in the field of electronics has enabled the automation of various manual processes that required human effort and consumed a significant amount of time to complete. In the development of electronic prototypes in research and development laboratories, the fabrication of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) demands considerable time if done through manual manufacturing processes. In this regard, the present work aims to present a study and the development of a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) equipment, with the purpose of fabricating PCBs in the electronics laboratory of the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-CM), facilitating the development of small-scale prototypes. The proposed equipment consists of a coordinate system with three electronically controlled axes, driven by a computer that sends a set of instructions which, once processed, result in the ordered movement of each axis, aiming to precisely position the cutting tool at the desired location. The work details the constructive aspects of the CNC, such as the development of the structural components and the electronic interface (control board, sensors, drivers, and electromechanical actuators), as well as the calibration procedures, testing, and performance validation. Milling, drilling, and cutting tests were conducted to determine the optimal operating parameters. The study also includes a comparison with similar machines for cost analysis.