Do desenvolvimento urbano para cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis: framework para planos diretores

Abstract

Urban settings have substantial impacts on people's lifestyles, behaviors, and consumption patterns. In addition to people, other elements and factors also permeate urban environments, such as businesses, as well as all the infrastructure needed to ensure that urban agglomerations can function more adequately and serve citizens more effectively. Therefore, the approaches to a sustainable urban system are multiple and complex. Urban planning is a multidisciplinary practice that must seek to create and promote habitable, sustainable, functional, and successful cities and areas. Thus, several considerations must be present in the preparation of a master plan. Among them, concerns about sustainability are a new and expanding area, and one of the main points in this process. The use of IT tools can help reduce the complexity of multidisciplinary urban planning, allowing the integration of information in each of the planning stages. In view of the above, the product was developed using the Design Thinking methodology (Empathy, Definition, Ideation, Prototyping) to meet the general objective of this research, which is to propose a framework to guide the construction of Master Plans aimed at Smarter and More Sustainable Cities, using IT as a strategic tool to integrate the different aspects of sustainable urban planning. In the first stage, characterized by empathy, a correlation analysis study was carried out on the five main axes related to urban planning: i) SDGs, ii) City Statute, iii) Federal Constitution, iv) Pillars and Dimensions of Smart Cities, and v) Master Plan. In the second stage (definition), the SDGs that are being contemplated in the five axes were manually located. In the third stage (ideation), to observe this correlation of the five axes, a case study was carried out on the Master Plan of the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. The results indicate which SDGs are contemplated in the Master Plan, which is the object of study. It is concluded that, to achieve the general objective of this research and to be successful in the planning of master plans, technological tools must be well planned, incorporated and interconnected at all public levels, offering support at each stage of the construction of the master plan. In addition, the selection of stakeholders who are experts in areas of support throughout the construction process of the master plan is crucial. In the fourth stage (prototyping) and as a contribution of the research, given the complexity and multidisciplinary of the topics involved, a prototype framework was developed to guide managers, designers, urban planners and members of a local society at each stage of the construction of Master Plans, providing guidelines and support materials that bring to light sustainable development, applying the dynamics of smart cities, seeking, through the help of technology, to improve the planning process.