Desenvolvimento de projeto e protótipo de um VANT para aplicação em atividade de pulverização

Abstract

Responsible for 27.4% of the Brazilian GDP in 2019, agriculture is one of the most important economic sectors for the country. Agricultural activities demand treatments in cultivation, in order to increase their productivity. Spraying stands out as a fundamental element in this activity, since it demands significant time and resources in relation to other activities. In addition to being the operation most impacted by regulations, due to its social and environmental responsibility due to the toxic products used. There are several spraying methods, however, following the concepts of Industry and Agriculture 4.0, which opened new possibilities, it is proposed the use of UAVs for spraying crops. This method allows greater efficiency, therefore saving resources. Thus, it is proposed as the objective of this work to project and build a prototype of the proof-of-concept type, of an UAV adapted for spraying. For the present work, the approach proposed by Pahl et al. (2007), with adaptations,will be used to define technical and economic feasibility. An extensive literature review was analyzed on agriculture in Brazil, certain specific crops, spraying and its main methods, as well as UAVs and their applications in agriculture. It also presents a patent search and a benchmarking with seven similar products that are available for purchase. The project specification document is also presented, which will guide the other stages of the work. A configuration of the system architecture is carried out, where it was separated into modules for individual determinations, which resulted in two preliminary designs. Therefore, tests are carried out, which contribute to the choice of the final prototype. The tests show that the designed UAV is capable of performing the spraying efficiently and its final structure supports the loads applied in the process. However, due to configuration issues, it is unable to fly stably. Thus, the objective of the work was partially achieved.