Campos vetoriais e a dinâmica cosmológica: as fases aceleradas do universo

Abstract

In this work, a cosmological model is developed to explain the two phases of accelerated expansion of the universe using three mutually orthogonal vector fields minimally coupled to gravitation. The work proposes a unified solution to the dark energy and cosmic inflation problems, where these vector fields act as the inflaton in the primordial universe, promoting the rapid initial expansion, and later as dark energy, responsible for the current cosmic acceleration. The model’s equations are solved numerically in the time and redshift domains. The results show that the model accurately reproduces the three distinct eras of the universe: radiation, matter, and dark energy. During the inflationary era, the vector fields dominate the universe’s dynamics, causing rapid acceleration, followed by a decay that allows the transition to the radiation and matter eras, characterized by a phase of deceleration. In more recent times, the vector fields regain control over the universe’s evolution, leading to the current phase of acceleration, in agreement with observational data.