Efeitos de 6 semanas de treinamento pliométrico em jovens atletas de futebol

Abstract

Plyometric training is a component that contributes to the physical preparation of a football athlete, however the level of muscular demand, together with its incorrect application, can cause excessive fatigue or even injuries. The objective of this study was to compare cluster and traditional repetition methods regarding power, speed and change of direction performance in young football athletes, through plyometric training. Thirty youth football athletes participated in the study, with n=(9) TRD (age = 14.83 ± 0.52 years; body mass = 61.95 ± 6.60 kg; height = 1.72 ± 0.03 cm ) CS n=(10) (age = 14.50 ± 0.52 years; body mass = 59.94 ± 14.8 kg; height = 1.69 ± 0.10 cm) and CON n=(11) ( age = 14.73 ± 0.46 years; body mass = 53.44 ± 5.84 kg; height 1.66 ± 0.10 cm). A quantitative experimental design was carried out with participants randomly distributed, in which three groups were brought together: two intervention groups: Traditional (TRD) and Cluster (CS), a Control group (CON), with 6 weeks of intervention comprising 12 sessions of plyometric training. The TRD group performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions with intervals between sets of 225 seconds (3x10:225s), while the CS group performed the same training volume, but divided into 3 series with 5 blocks of 2 repetitions with intervals of 30 seconds between the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th repetitions and on the 10th repetition an interval of 45 seconds (3x5x2:30s:45s). Body mass (kg) and height (cm) were collected using a digital scale (Filizola, Brazil) with an accuracy of 0.1kg and a manual stadiometer (Sanny, Brazil) with an accuracy of 0.1cm. To carry out the pre and post tests of the speed variables (T 30m) and change of direction (COD 505), brand photocells were used (Chronojump version 2.2.0), for the power tests (CMJ; TC 15cm, 30cm and 45cm), the contact mat (Chronojump version 2.2.0) was used and for the (SLJ) an RMC brand tape measure was used (Resolution: 0.1 cm). The perceptual scales were collected at the beginning of each session (recovery state) (TQR) and delayed muscle soreness (DMT) and after 30 minutes at the end of each session (PSE-Session). Statistical analysis was performed using mixed repeated measures ANOVA for the analyzes of the groups CS x CON, CS x TRD, TRD x CON and the pre and post analyzes within the groups. For the perceptual scales, repeated measures ANOVA was used. A p ≤ 0.05, effect size of 0.30 was adopted for comparison between protocols, error probability α = 0.05 and β = 0.80 (test power). In the interaction <T and training method= significant differences were found for the variables COD 505 [F=(2,27)=4.836, p<0.01, ηp²:0.264, β: 0.753], CMJ [F=(2 ,27)=5.213, p<0.01, ηp²:0.279, β: 0.786], TC15CM [F=(2,27)=17.071, p<0.00, ηp²:0.558, β: 0.999], TC30CM [ F=(2,27)=3.601, p<0.04, ηp²:0.211, β: 0.616], TC45CM [F=(2,27)=4.925, p<0.01, ηp²:0.267, β: 0.761 ], for comparisons between groups, significant differences were found between CS x CON in the variables T30M p<0.01, COD 505 p<0.00, TC15CM p<0.00, TC30CM p<0.01 and TC45CM p <0.00, while for TRD x CON, significant values were identified in the variables COD 505 p<0.00, TC15CM p<0.00, TC30CM p<0.01 and TC45CM p<0.00. These findings suggest that the use of CS may be more efficient in improving performance in youth football athletes through plyometric training.