Análise da relação entre qualidade da água, doenças de veiculação hídrica e condições climáticas em Francisco Beltrão: um estudo de série histórica (2015-2022)

Abstract

Water is an essential natural resource for human life, directly influencing the daily lives of the entire population. However, it can also be a means of transmitting disease. Given this relationship, the importance of basic sanitation is highlighted, especially water for drinking purposes. This research aimed to describe and compare water quality data, correlating them with hospitalizations for diarrhea and gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin and viral hepatitis, in addition to climatological information, within the historical series from 2015 to 2022 in the municipality of Francisco Beltrão, Parana Brazil. Water quality data was obtained from annual reports made available by the company on the Brazilian open data portal. Hospitalization records were obtained through DATASUS/TABNET, and climatological data were extracted from SMEPAR institute bulletins. After data collection, Pearson and Spearman linear correlation tests were applied, both with 5% significance, in order to evaluate possible relationships between water quality and meteorological parameters and public health indicators. Throughout the historical series of turbidity data in Francisco Beltrão, only in the months of April, May and June 2017 were samples outside the established surveillance standards observed. The color of the water did not vary significantly over the analyzed period, and coliform levels remained within acceptable limits. It is essential to emphasize that health problems associated with diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery and viral hepatitis should not be exclusively attributed to the quality of the public water supply in Francisco Beltrão, since no significant linear correlations were found in the tests carried out between the monthly averages. of the analyzed parameters. Therefore, the results demonstrate the continued importance of evaluating the influence of water supply and improving study methods in this area, aiming to prevent health problems in the population served.