Registros dos números decimais em cadernos escolares do quinto ano: indícios da abordagem deste conteúdo

Abstract

This study presents findings about the teaching of decimal numbers in the fifth-grades of Elementary School I, obtained mainly through records of this content in notebooks of students enrolled in schools in a municipality located in the Northwest of the state of Paraná in the year 2023. This research is qualitative nature, and its development, involved theoretical studies as well as definition the content to be investigated, based on the descriptors of the Prova Paraná 2023, first edition. A sample of notebooks was collected from fifith-grades classes in schools with the three lowest and three highest success rates in the Prova Paraná 2023. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers of these classes. The municipality's lesson plan was used as support, to guide the proposed classes and activities. As a result, categories of analysis were obtained that highlighted how the content was approached. The final considerations indicate the importance of gradually transitioning between fractions and decimal numbers and vice versa; investing more instructional time in teaching this content, and incorporating diverse activities to address different aspects of decimal numbers, such as using the number line, decomposing decimal fractions, measuring tools, and working with areas on graph paper. Based on this research, an educational product aimed at teachers who teach mathematics was developed with teaching proposals that can assist them in gradually introducing the teaching of decimal numbers in classroom practices.