Um mandato todo seu: cotas eleitorais, justiça de gênero e divisão sexual do trabalho

Abstract

More than twenty years after the establishment of the public policy of reservation of candidates by gender in the Brazilian proportional elections, provided for by article 10, §3 of Law No. 9.504/97 (Elections Act), none of the state or federal legislative houses of the country have succeeded in establishing gender parity in their parliamentary boards só far. Doctrinal productions in the legal field often attribute the failure of this affirmative policy to the Brazilian choice of the open list voting system, the absence or fragility of gender compliance policies within the political parties, and the laziness of the Judiciary concerning fraud in filling the vacancies reserved for women. Productions in the field of political science, in turn, often focus on the selectivity of the institutions of liberal democracy and their limitations to the entry of new political subjects as the foundations of the ineffectiveness of public policy itself. Although the contributions from both areas are relevant and explain, within the limits of each discipline, the problem of female political sub-representativity, there is a shortage of interdisciplinary studies that investigate the relationship between the ineffectiveness of gender electoral quota policy and the influences of the sexual division of work in the construction of political labor as a priority male activity. The proposal of this study, therefore, is to identify how the social differences between men and women established by the scheme of the sexual division of work contribute to the exclusion of women from the political-electoral debate and to investigate whether an inclusive policy based on the perspective of gender justice as recognition is sufficient to neutralize or minimize its effects on affecting political activity as a male work.