Análise de vozes em crônicas a partir do discurso direto e do discurso indireto

Abstract

This work proposes an analysis of discursive voices in chronicles, based on the studies of Jacqueline Authier-Revuz (1982), a French scholar of discourse analysis who, based on the dialogism of Mikhail Bakhtin (2003) constituted by the dialogical interaction formed by the encounter of speeches in the text, presents us with an approach to discursive heterogeneity that makes it possible to analyze the voices of speech. Bakhtinian study involving language is made up of many theoretical foundations that intertwine, like tangled threads. In this sense, it is on the thread of discourse that the work of Authier-Revuz (1982) is based, who argues that the linguistic modalities of in direct speech and indirect speech demonstrate how language is capable of explicitly including the "other" in the act of enunciation, that is, heterogeneity is naturally implicit in language, whether or not it is marked in the saying. Starting from this context, the problem of the study was defined: how to analyze the voices in chronicles, based on the notion of direct speech and indirect speech, and transpose this in a didactic way in Portuguese language classes? In this sense, the genre selected for the analysis of the voices is the chronicle, a textual genre that stands out for its short nature, personal style and approach to everyday events in a reflective and often subjective way. The theme that delimited the selection of chronicles was social networks, which is a topic well known to students, very present in their daily lives, and is in line with the guidelines of the National Common Curricular Base (Brazil, 2017) in relation to use of technologies and digital media in the classroom. The chronicle is a textual genre whose literary form offers space for the author's individual expression and connection with the reader through observations and reflections on common life and contemporary issues. It is a form of expression that involves passing, social and personal aspects, and continues to be a significant voice in contemporary literature and culture. Thus, four chronicles were selected in which voices in direct speech and indirect speech were identified, as well as their linguistic characteristics in the analyzed texts. Furthermore, a proposal for teaching activities was developed based on the study carried out, enabling the transposition of the work with the analysis of voices to the classroom. In this way, this research deepens the study of voices in chronicles, on the topic social networks, based on direct speech and indirect speech, resulting in voices that converge to highlight both positive and negative points in the use of social networks. Voices were identifield in direct and indirect speech: those of the authors of the chronicles, real characters and fictional characters, who would be users of social network. It is hoped that this research will contribute to basic education teachers who seek a more in-depth understanding of the different voices present in texts and also to researchers interested in the topic.