Desenvolvimento de nanomateriais para aplicação fotodinamica: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Nanomaterials have an extremely attractive nanometric structure with properties that enable a wide range of applications, in particular the transport of active ingredients for the controlled release of drugs in the body. This study consists of a literature review dealing with the development of nanomaterials for photodynamic applications, with a focus on multimodal systems consisting of photodynamic systems and gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles not only play a crucial role in inducing cell death through their photothermal ability to convert light into heat, but also by favoring an increase in the quantum yield of singlet oxygen generated by the photosensitizer. The literature review includes papers published between 2019 and 2023, using the Web of Science and Google Scholar platforms as search tools. The main objective of this research is to conduct a literature review to analyze the main contributions and challenges related to the use of nanomaterials, with emphasis on gold nanoparticles, for the development of liposomal multimodal drugs integrating photothermal and photodynamic therapy. Different ways of obtaining the multimodal system and its preparation were evaluated, mainly by solid dispersion through the addition of a photosensitive dye to the gold nanoparticles. The analysis of the selected articles shows a constantly evolving scenario with challenges that still require solutions.