O impacto da crise hídrica de 2021 nos indicadores econômico-financeiros das empresas de energia elétrica que compõem o índice Ibovespa

Abstract

The absence of rainfall can cause a water crisis and impact the economic and financial indicators of companies in the electricity sector. The aim of this study is to measure the variations in the economic and financial indicators of the electricity companies that compose the Ibovespa index, comparing before and after the 2021 water crisis. With a descriptive and quantitative approach, the study used secondary data collected from the documentation published by the companies. The water crisis in question occurred in 2021, but the analysis also took into account two years before and two years after that period, totaling five years, from 2019 to 2023. The analysis included descriptive observations and the application of the Wilcoxon statistical test. The results indicated that, in general, the indicators had unfavorable variations in the post-water crisis period, especially in the electricity generation segment, however, the result of the statistical test showed that only some of these variations are statistically significant. The conclusions contradict previous studies, which have shown positive or zero impacts from previous water crises, also highlights the need for a segmented analysis to better understand the economic and financial impacts of water crises in the electricity sector. The theoretical relevance of this research seeks to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the relationship between water crises and the economic and financial indicators of electricity companies, by analyzing a different period and introducing new indicators. In addition, the aim is to contribute to the understanding of the subject, providing useful information for managers, investors, regulators and consumers in the brazilian electricity sector.