Barragens de rejeitos: revisão dos casos recentes de ruptura no Brasil

Abstract

This work aims to analyze factors related to the rupture of Brazilian tailings dams and pertinent legislation. The analysis seeks to deepen the understanding of the factors that led to these disasters, as well as the resulting social and environmental implications. The research was conducted through a bibliographic review of case studies, with the ruptures of the Fundão dam, in Mariana (MG), and Brumadinho (MG). These accidents highlighted the vulnerability of the dams and the severity of the environmental and social impacts associated with the failure of these structures. The study of construction methods, the mechanisms that cause collapse and monitoring practices showed that the lack of adequate maintenance and the inefficiency of continuous monitoring systems are critical factors that contribute to the instability of dams. The review of current regulations and legislation indicated the need for improvements to ensure the safety and integrity of these structures, such as stricter inspection. The present work concludes that the liquefaction phenomenon was one of the main factors for the failures of the Mariana and Brumadinho dams. The importance of continuous monitoring and risk management is highlighted as essential to prevent environmental and human disasters. The adoption of safer construction techniques, advanced monitoring systems, stringent regulations, and the active participation of local communities are crucial measures to increase the safety and sustainability of tailings dams.