Correlações entre componentes de produtividade no feijoeiro

Abstract

The productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is influenced by various directly and indirectly related components that are correlated with one another, with compensation occurring among them according to environmental effects at different stages of plant development. Plant characteristics such as plant height at maturity (APM) and the height of the first pod insertion (APV) on the stem are indirectly related to productivity. In contrast, the number of pods per plant (NVP), the number of seeds per pod (NGV), and the dry grain weight (PGR) are directly related to productivity. Optimal productivity can only be achieved when these components are maximized in the given environment. To investigate these components, nine cultivars from the Paraná Institute of Development (IDR) were evaluated in Western Paraná for the traits APM, APV, NVP, NGV, and PGR. The aim of this study was to estimate the primary and secondary Spearman correlation coefficients concerning grain yield. The experiment, arranged in randomized blocks with six replications, was conducted during the "rainy season" with sowing in October of the 2023/2024 agricultural year. The phenotypic correlation among the traits was classified as moderate to strong collinearity, showing that NVP had the highest correlation with PGR (0.98). Path coefficient analysis with a single chain indicated that NVP had the greatest direct effect on bean grain yield (1.00). On the other hand, the path coefficient analysis with two chains showed that the primary trait APV had the greatest direct effect on NVP, with a coefficient of -0.7596. Regarding plant traits, APM was found to influence NVP (0.55). Thus, it is concluded that to increase bean grain yield, it is essential to select for an increased number of pods per plant without prioritizing the number of seeds per pod and to reduce the height of the first pod insertion, with or without increasing the plant height.