Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos do solo em área sob influência de basalto e cultivada com diferentes culturas

Abstract

Knowing the spatial distribution of soil nutrients is crucial for a sustainable and efficient recommendation of soil amendments and fertilizers. In the specific case of soils developed from basalt in the Southwest of Paraná, natural fertility tends to be high, even in areas never before corrected or fertilized, such as forests and permanent protection areas. Changes in soil attributes are caused by the conversion of native forest systems to agricultural use systems, and assessments of these attributes aid in monitoring soil conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate land use systems and the consequent changes caused by management on chemical attributes, across different areas, crops, and management practices. The study was conducted on a rural property in the municipality of Mariópolis-PR, encompassing various management types: corn, beans, soybeans, perennial pasture, annual pasture, and permanent preservation area. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 20 cm in each area. pH in CaCl2 and pH SMP, organic matter, P, exchangeable cations (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Al3+), and potential acidity (H+Al) were analyzed. Based on these results, base sum (SB), cation exchange capacity (T), base saturation (V%), and aluminum saturation (m%) were determined. Fertility maps were generated through data interpolation. The results provide new insights into the role of soil amendments, fertilizers, and parent material in soil fertility formation.